【四川地情短视频】平武02┃ 白马藏人雕曹盖 

（平武县融媒体中心、绵阳市平武县地方志办公室、平武县非遗中心 供稿） 

 来源：四川省地方志工作办公室  四川省广播电视局

 白马藏人雕曹盖 

 Baima Tibetans' Caogai sculpture

白马藏人曹盖面具

White Horse Tibetan Cao Gai Mask

是指产生并流传于四川盆地北沿 川甘陕交界部 

It originated and spread along the northern edge of the Sichuan Basin,  the border of Sichuan ,Gansu and Shaanxi,

白马藏人聚居区的一种驱邪 祭祀 祈福的舞蹈中使用的面具

Referring to a mask used in the dance of exorcism, sacrifice, and prayer in the White Horse Tibetan settlement.

白马藏人历来信奉原始的自然宗教

The White Horse Tibetans have always believed in primitive natural religions

每年的正月

Every year in the first month of the lunar month

各寨子都要跳曹盖祭祀山

Each village performs the Cao Gai to worship the mountain god

祈祷来年风调雨顺、无病无灾

Praying for  not only fair weather and a good crop yield but also people's well-being in the coming year

田虎塔，作为家族的第五代传承人

Tian Huta, as the fifth generation inheritor of the family,

从小便跟随父亲学习跳曹盖

From childhood, followed his father to learn how to dance Cao Gai

及曹盖面具雕刻技艺

And Cao Gai's mask carving skills

（曹盖面具是我们祖辈一直流传下来的一种神灵

The Cao Gai mask is a deity that has been passed down from our ancestors

在我们白马人心中是一种非常神圣的神灵

In the hearts of us White Horse people, it is a very sacred deity

因为它能保佑一方平安

Because it can bless one side with peace

有驱邪、撵鬼的作用

It can expel evil spirits and drive out ghosts

将妖魔鬼怪驱走

Drive away demons and monsters

每年的初十初五

Every year on the tenth and fifth day of the first lunar month

我们都会跳大型的曹盖

We perform  a large-scale Cao Gai

但每个寨子跳曹盖的时间也各不相同

But performance time varies among stockaded villages

保佑一方水土平安

 Blessing  with excellent health and peace

有赈灾 祈福 消灾的作用

It can help with  relieving disasters, praying for blessings, and eliminating disasters

制作曹盖是一个漫长而又严谨的过程

Making Cao Gai is a long and rigorous process.

为了寻找合适的木材

In order to find suitable wood

他们总是早出晚归 跋山涉水

They always set out early and return late, wading through mountains and rivers,

白马人认为

The White Horse people believe that

大山赋予树木神力

the mountains endow trees with divine power

而这一股神力，就是白马人对曹盖的信仰

It is the divine power that is the belief of the White Horse people in Cao Gai

（当我们在雕刻曹盖面具时

When we are carving the mask of Cao Gai

取材的时候以前我们选取的是千年杜鹃，羊角木

we used to choose millennial rhododendron and sheep horn wood as the materials

这些材料雕刻起来是非常好的

These materials are suitable for carving

既不会裂开也不会蛀虫

neither cracking  nor moth eating

但是现在这样的材料已经非常难得了

However, now such materials are very rare

现在基本上是使用柏树和白杨树这一类的材料

Nowadays, materials such as cypress and poplar are mostly used

不会起毛也不会裂

It won't fuzz or crack

还有一种泡松感，这些材料也很好

There is also a sense of foam looseness, and these materials are also very good

在最初取样的时候

At the initial sampling stage

雕刻者就会根据所刻面具的大小 形状 长短

Based on the size, shape, and length of the carved mask,

将木材从中劈破成对称的两块用于雕刻

The carver will split the wood into symmetrical pieces for carving

在物资匮乏的古代

In ancient times when supplies were scarce,

雕曹盖只有用一把斧头来完成

The carving of Cao Gai could only be completed with one axe,

但现在的曹盖雕刻用具已经拓展到了有三十余种

But now there are more than 30 types of Cao Gai carving tools

我现在用的就是这些工具

what I am using now are these  tools

比如说这个弧形的 就比较好用来雕刻眼睛部

 Such as , this curved one,which is more suitable for carving eye area

还有像这些小工具可以用来雕刻牙齿、嘴角这些部位

There are also small tools like these that can be used to carve teeth, mouth corners, and other parts

还有这个 有的比较宽的地方就可以用大刀

Also, this one ,a large knife

can be used in some wider areas

雕刻之前先要勾勒出眼睛

Before carving, it is necessary  to outline the eyes,

眼睛是定位的基础

Eyes are the foundation of localization

然后再是额头 眉毛 鼻子 嘴巴 獠牙

Followed by the forehead, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and fangs,

顺序不可变更

  The order cannot be changed.

初步的雕刻也是从眼睛开始下刀

The initial carving also starts from the eyes

（雕刻眼睛的话这个部位是一种弧形的

When carving the eyes, this part is curved in shape

就要用这种弧形的刀具来雕刻

You need to use this curved tool to carve

形态相符的工具用起来就比较方便顺手

Tools with a consistent shape  are more convenient to use

雕刻的主要技巧在于用力

The main technique of carving is to use force

用力地分寸

The appropriate amount of force

有的地方要轻要慢

Some areas need to be light and slow

如果你全部用力的话（木屑）就会弹出去，弹出去就会可能会导致误差

If you exert  all  your force ,sawdust will pop out,which may cause errors

传承人会根据初步规划的轮廓形象

Based on  the preliminary planned outline image and

the proportion of the head

按人头比例 把眼 鼻 口 耳 头饰等先雕刻出来

The inheritor will first carve out the eyes, nose, mouth, ears, headgear, etc

当正面成型以后

After the front is formed

再用一字平底刀结合凿击的方法

With the method of combining chiseling with a flat bottom knife

将背面掏空

    Hollow out the back

掏空以后

After hollowing out

一个曹盖的重量大约在4-5斤不等

The weight of a Cao Gai varies from 4 to 5 kilograms;

接下来再用小型刻刀对各个部位进行细致的修理和完善

Next, use a small knife to carefully repair and improve each part

曹盖的雕刻技艺

Cao Gai's carving skills

都是代代相传

    Are passed down from generation to generation

这是一份职责

This is a responsibility

也是一份坚守

eunion